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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Risk Propensity and Safe Medication Administration.

Kelly Gonzales1

  • 1From the University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Nursing, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.

Journal of Patient Safety
|February 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nursing students who exhibit higher personal risk-taking behaviors in health and safety are more likely to administer medications safely. This study also validated the Safe Administration of Medication (SAM) Scale.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Education
  • Patient Safety
  • Risk Management

Background:

  • Safe medication administration is crucial for patient safety.
  • Understanding factors influencing nurses' medication administration practices is essential.
  • The Safe Administration of Medication (SAM) Scale requires further validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between risk propensity and safe medication administration among nursing students.
  • To provide additional evidence for the validity and reliability of the SAM Scale.

Main Methods:

  • Fourth-year nursing students completed the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking and Risk Perception (DOSPERT) Scale and the SAM Scale.
  • Second-year nursing students completed the SAM Scale to assess construct validity.
  • A convenience sample from a private Midwest university in the US participated.

Main Results:

  • A significant relationship was found between personal risk-taking in health/safety and safe medication administration.
  • No significant relationship was observed between risk perception and safe medication administration.
  • The SAM Scale demonstrated evidence of validity and reliability.

Conclusions:

  • This study is among the first to link risk propensity with safe medication administration.
  • Further research is needed on risk-taking, risk perception, and their impact on patient safety, particularly in medication administration.