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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Src signaling pathways in prostate cancer.

Andreas Varkaris1, Anastasia D Katsiampoura, John C Araujo

  • 1Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Cancer Metastasis Reviews
|February 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Src Family Kinase (SFK) inhibitors show promise for treating advanced prostate cancer. These drugs target c-Src, a key driver of castrate-resistance and bone metastasis, offering new therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer progression involves complex signaling networks.
  • c-Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, plays a critical role in driving castrate-resistance and bone metastases.
  • Src Family Kinases (SFKs) are implicated in prostate cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and bone metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and basic biology of c-Src.
  • To discuss the role of SFK inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies on c-Src and SFKs.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for SFK inhibitors in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.

Main Results:

  • SFK inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models.
  • Clinical trials show SFK inhibitors have provocative activity, particularly in modulating the bone microenvironment.
  • SFK signaling is implicated in both epithelial and stromal mechanisms of prostate cancer progression.

Conclusions:

  • SFK inhibitors represent a novel therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer.
  • Targeting c-Src and SFKs offers a promising approach to combat castrate-resistance and bone metastases.