The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana

Morten Rasmussen ¹, Sarah L Anzick ², Michael R Waters ³

¹1] Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark [2].
²1] Anzick Family, 31 Old Clyde Park Road, Livingston, Montana 59047, USA [2].
³Center for the Study of the First Americans, Departments of Anthropology and Geography, Texas A&M University, 4352 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4352, USA.
⁴Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
⁵1] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 4134 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (I.B.); Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 502 Wartik Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (M.D.).
⁶1] Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark [2] AMS 14C Dating Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
⁷Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 208, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
⁸1] The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark [2] Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, CLSC 4th floor, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
⁹The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
¹⁰Education Department, Montana State University, Box 5103, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
¹¹Program in Biomedical Informatics and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
¹²Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
¹³Anthropology Department, PhD Program, University of Montana, 4100 Mullan Road, no. 217, Missoula, Montana 59808, USA.
¹⁴School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Eastlick Hall 395, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
¹⁵Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
¹⁶1] Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK [2] Integrative Systems Biology Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
¹⁷School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
¹⁸Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA.
¹⁹1] Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK [2] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
²⁰Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
²¹Department of Anthropology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 209F Davenport Hall, 607 Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
²²1] School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK [2] Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (I.B.); Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 502 Wartik Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (M.D.).
²³BioArCh, Departments of Biology, Archaeology and Chemistry, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
²⁴MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK.
²⁵Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
²⁶1] Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Littlefield Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Center for Evolutionary and Human Genomics, Stanford University, Littlefield Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
²⁷1] Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden [2] Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
²⁸Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 4134 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

⁰1] Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark [2].

Nature +

February 14, 2014

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

The Anzick-1 genome links ancient Siberians to Native Americans, confirming Clovis people

Area Of Science

Paleogenomics
Archaeogenetics
North American Prehistory

Background

Clovis complex is the oldest widespread archaeological culture in North America.
Origins and genetic links of Clovis toolmakers are debated, with theories suggesting Asian or European origins.
Previous research indicated Clovis people developed from an ancestral technology south of North American ice sheets.

Observation

Genome sequence of Anzick-1, a male infant associated with Clovis tools, was analyzed.
Anzick-1's remains date to approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years before present.
Genetic analysis revealed gene flow from the Siberian Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors predating 12,600 years before present.

Findings

Anzick-1 shares ancient Siberian ancestry with Native Americans, confirming pre-12,600 years before present gene flow.
Anzick-1 is most closely related to all indigenous American populations, supporting an ancestral link.
Genetic data indicate a deep divergence within Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual.

Implications

The findings support the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans.
This study provides crucial genetic evidence for the peopling of the Americas and the origins of Clovis culture.
Understanding ancient population movements and genetic legacies is vital for reconstructing human history.

The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana

Summary

Area Of Science

Background

Observation

Findings

Implications

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The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana

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Summary

Area Of Science

Background

Observation

Findings

Implications

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