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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Testing a Claim about Mean: Known Population SD01:11

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A complete procedure of testing the hypothesis about a population mean is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be distributed normally. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. The sample size needed to be higher than 30, and most importantly, the population standard deviation should be already known.
In most realistic situations, the population standard deviation is often unknown, but in rare circumstances, when it...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Fixed Action Patterns01:06

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A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
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Related Experiment Video

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Fish Sperm Assessment Using Software and Cooling Devices
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Sperm variation within a single ejaculate affects offspring development in Atlantic salmon.

Simone Immler1, Cosima Hotzy, Ghazal Alavioon

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, , Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden.

Biology Letters
|February 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sperm variation within an ejaculate impacts offspring development in Atlantic salmon. Individual sperm longevity affects hatching time, suggesting transgenerational effects of sperm function.

Keywords:
epigeneticsfishgamete selectionhaploid selectionsperm competition

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Animal breeding
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Sperm phenotype variation is often disregarded for offspring outcomes.
  • Sperm phenotypes are typically not considered reflective of sperm genotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of individual sperm function variation within ejaculates on offspring performance.
  • To determine if sperm longevity influences offspring development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of sperm activation-fertilization timing.
  • Selection of sperm cohorts with differing longevity within ejaculates.
  • Utilizing wild-caught male Atlantic salmon.

Main Results:

  • Within-ejaculate variation in sperm longevity significantly affected offspring development.
  • Sperm longevity influenced the time until hatching in Atlantic salmon offspring.

Conclusions:

  • Individual sperm function variation within an ejaculate has consequences for offspring performance.
  • Results provide experimental evidence for transgenerational effects of individual sperm function.
  • Further research is needed to ascertain the genetic or epigenetic basis of these effects.