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Insomnia in HIV-infected patients: pathophysiologic implications
Yinghui Low1, Harold Goforth, Xavier Preud'homme
1Insomnia and Sleep Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
AIDS Reviews
|February 14, 2014
Summary
Sleep disturbance is common in HIV-positive individuals, but true insomnia prevalence remains unestimated. Further studies are needed to accurately assess insomnia in this population.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The prevalence of sleep disturbance in HIV-seropositive populations is reported as 29-97%, significantly higher than the 10% general population prevalence of insomnia.
- Existing studies often report general sleep disturbance rather than clinically diagnosed insomnia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on insomnia prevalence in HIV-seropositive patients.
- To identify correlates of sleep disturbance specific to this population.
- To clarify the distinction between sleep disturbance and insomnia.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of 19 studies meeting search criteria.
- Analysis of reported sleep disturbance rates and identified correlates.
Main Results:
- No studies accurately estimated insomnia prevalence using diagnostic criteria in HIV-seropositive individuals.
- Correlates of sleep disturbance include HIV stage, duration, and cognitive impairment, alongside general population factors.
- Reported sleep disturbance rates (29-97%) are comparable to general population sleep disturbance (approx. 33%), not clinical insomnia.
Conclusions:
- The actual prevalence of insomnia meeting diagnostic criteria in HIV-seropositive patients remains unknown and requires dedicated research.
- The high reported rates of sleep disturbance should not be misconstrued as clinical insomnia prevalence.
- Understanding HIV-specific correlates is crucial for addressing sleep issues in this population.
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