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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Paroxysmal hemicrania: an update.

Sanjay Prakash1, Rushad Patell

  • 1Department of Neurology, Smt. B.K Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Piperia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 390001, drprakashs@yahoo.co.in.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|February 14, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is a primary headache disorder often missed. Indomethacin is the gold standard treatment, providing complete relief for most patients with this severe, unilateral head pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is an underdiagnosed primary headache disorder.
  • It presents with severe, strictly unilateral head pain and ipsilateral autonomic features.
  • PH attacks are shorter and more frequent than cluster headache (CH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical features and diagnostic hallmarks of Paroxysmal Hemicrania.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic role of indomethacin in PH.
  • To discuss alternative treatments for patients unresponsive to indomethacin.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case review and literature synthesis.
  • Comparison of clinical features between Paroxysmal Hemicrania and Cluster Headache.
  • Evaluation of treatment responses, focusing on indomethacin efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Paroxysmal Hemicrania is characterized by distinct unilateral head pain with autonomic symptoms.
  • Indomethacin provides absolute headache cessation, confirming the diagnosis.
  • Other medications and neuromodulatory procedures offer alternative management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Paroxysmal Hemicrania requires increased clinical awareness for timely diagnosis.
  • Indomethacin remains the most effective treatment, serving as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
  • Refractory cases may benefit from neuromodulatory interventions.