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Patrick Forber1, Rory Smead

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fair play in the ultimatum game can evolve with negative assortment, but this also promotes spiteful behavior. This challenges the view of fairness as solely prosocial, linking it to antisocial tendencies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Behavioral economics
  • Game theory

Background:

  • Fair play in the ultimatum game is a key area for studying social behavior evolution.
  • Negative assortment, where individuals interact non-randomly based on strategy, is explored.
  • Spite, defined as harmful behavior with no direct benefit, is a relevant social behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of negative assortment in the evolution of fair play within the ultimatum game.
  • To understand how negative assortment influences the emergence of both fairness and spite.

Main Methods:

  • Agent-based modeling or evolutionary game theory simulations were likely employed.
  • The study simulated interactions within the ultimatum game under conditions of negative assortment.
  • The dynamics of strategy evolution, specifically fairness and spite, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Negative assortment increases the likelihood of fairness evolving in the ultimatum game.
  • A significant cost of negative assortment is the concurrent evolution of spite.
  • Fairness, often associated with prosocial behavior, demonstrated an evolutionary link to antisocial behavior (spite).

Conclusions:

  • Negative assortment can drive the evolution of fairness but introduces the co-evolution of spite.
  • This research suggests that fairness may not exclusively be a prosocial trait, potentially having roots in antisocial behavior evolution.
  • The findings challenge traditional associations of fairness with cooperation, highlighting its complex evolutionary origins.