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Campylobacter jejuni can cause prosthetic joint infections, even with negative initial cultures. PCR testing of prosthesis sonicate fluid and stool cultures are crucial for diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are serious complications following joint replacement surgery.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of PJIs is critical for effective treatment and patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 75-year-old male presented with a probable Campylobacter jejuni prosthetic knee infection.
  • The patient experienced a preceding diarrheal illness, a common symptom associated with Campylobacter infections.

Findings:

  • Standard joint aspirate and operative cultures were negative for bacterial growth.
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing of prosthesis sonicate fluid was positive for Campylobacter jejuni.
  • Stool culture also confirmed the presence of Campylobacter jejuni.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the diagnostic utility of PCR on sonicate fluid for detecting PJIs when conventional cultures fail.
  • Campylobacter jejuni should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PJIs, particularly in patients with a history of diarrhea.
  • Review of 19 additional literature cases supports Campylobacter as a causative agent of PJIs.