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Separate evolution of virulent newcastle disease viruses from Mexico and Central America

Leonardo Susta1, Krishna R Hamal, Patti J Miller

  • 1USDA, ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|February 14, 2014
PubMed

Insights

A 2008 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreak in Belize involved virulent genotype V strains. These NDV isolates, belonging to subgenotype Vb, showed distinct characteristics and evolved separately from other regional viruses.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Avian Pathology
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
  • An ND outbreak occurred in Belize in 2008, necessitating characterization of the causative agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize three virulent NDV isolates from the 2008 Belize outbreak.
  • To determine the phylogenetic relationships of these isolates within the NDV genotype V.
  • To assess the pathogenicity of NDV-Belize-3/08 in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of three NDV isolates (NDV-Belize-3/08, NDV-Belize-4/08, NDV-Belize-12/08).
  • Clinicopathological assessment in 4-week-old SPF chickens.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of NDV genotype V representatives.

Main Results:

  • All three Belizean isolates belong to NDV genotype V and are virulent.
  • NDV-Belize-3/08 exhibited velogenic viscerotropic NDV characteristics with systemic distribution and lymphoid organ lesions.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed the Belizean isolates within subgenotype Vb, closely related to a Honduran isolate and forming a distinct clade.

Conclusions:

  • The 2008 Belize ND outbreak was caused by virulent NDV genotype V strains, specifically subgenotype Vb.
  • These isolates represent a distinct evolutionary lineage within NDV subgenotype Vb, separate from contemporary viruses in Mexico.
  • The findings contribute to understanding NDV evolution and spread in Central America.

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