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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial Signaling01:30

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

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Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
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Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Stringent Response in E. coli

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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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A Hydroponic Co-cultivation System for Simultaneous and Systematic Analysis of Plant/Microbe Molecular Interactions and Signaling
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Acne, quorum sensing and danger.

S M Lwin1, I Kimber, J P McFadden

  • 1St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|February 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Propionibacterium acnes normally coexists with skin but can cause acne inflammation. Quorum sensing (QS) in P. acnes triggers excess free fatty acid production, activating immune danger signals and shifting its role from symbiotic to pathogenic.

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A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a common skin bacterium.
  • Acne vulgaris involves inflammation and pustulation, resembling a pathogen response.
  • P. acnes proliferation is linked to increased sebum production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the immune system's shift in recognizing P. acnes from symbiotic to pathogenic.
  • To propose a novel hypothesis involving quorum sensing (QS) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing evidence on P. acnes behavior and immune response.
  • It focuses on the role of quorum sensing (QS) in bacterial signaling.
  • It examines the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 by free fatty acids (FFAs).

Main Results:

  • In vitro studies suggest QS upregulates P. acnes lipase activity, increasing free fatty acid (FFA) secretion.
  • These FFAs act as DAMPs, activating TLR2 and TLR4.
  • This activation drives T-helper (Th)-driven immunity and inflammatory cytokine expression.

Conclusions:

  • P. acnes may send 'safety' signals under normal commensal conditions.
  • Under flourishing conditions, QS leads to excess FFA production, acting as 'danger' signals.
  • This shift in signaling explains P. acnes' transition from a harmless commensal to a pathogenic factor in acne.