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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
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Immunization alters body odor.

Bruce A Kimball1, Maryanne Opiekun2, Kunio Yamazaki2

  • 1United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Physiology & Behavior
|February 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccinations alter body odor, with rabies and West Nile virus vaccines causing similar changes. Immune activation via lipopolysaccharide also changes body odor, but distinctly from vaccination effects.

Keywords:
BehaviorInnate immunityLipopolysaccharideVaccineVolatiles

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Olfactory Communication

Background:

  • Infections are known to alter body odor.
  • Immune activation, a common factor in infection and vaccination, may also influence body odor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if classical immunization alters body odor in a manner detectable by trained biosensor mice.
  • To compare the olfactory effects of different types of immune stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Biosensor mice were trained using a Y-maze to discriminate urine odors from vaccinated and unvaccinated control mice.
  • Generalization of olfactory discrimination was tested across different vaccine types (rabies, West Nile virus) and immune stimulants (lipopolysaccharide).

Main Results:

  • Mice immunized with rabies (RV) and West Nile virus (WNV) vaccines exhibited similar alterations in urine odor.
  • Immune activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) altered urine odor differently compared to RV and WNV immunizations.
  • Biosensor mice could distinguish between LPS-induced odor changes and vaccination-induced odor changes.

Conclusions:

  • Immunization with different vaccines (RV, WNV) induces similar changes in body odor.
  • Immune activation by LPS alters body odor through mechanisms distinct from those of RV and WNV vaccination.