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Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Published on: January 9, 2012

The eukaryotic RNA exosome.

Kurt Januszyk¹, Christopher D Lima²

¹Structural Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, NY, USA.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology

|February 15, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The eukaryotic RNA exosome complex, essential for RNA processing, utilizes its core structure to recruit and modulate the activity of key enzymes like Rrp44 and Rrp6 for RNA degradation.

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Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

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Published on: January 9, 2012

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Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

Published on: May 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Cell Biology

Background:

The eukaryotic RNA exosome is a crucial multi-subunit ribonuclease complex involved in RNA degradation and processing.
Its nine-subunit core shares similarities with bacterial PNPase but lacks intrinsic ribonuclease activity.
The exosome core collaborates with Rrp44 (an endo- and exoribonuclease) and Rrp6 (a distributive exoribonuclease).

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the functional role of the eukaryotic RNA exosome core in coordinating its associated RNase activities.
To understand how the core facilitates RNA passage and modulates enzyme function.

Main Methods:

Biochemical assays
Structural studies
Enzyme activity analysis

Main Results:

The RNA exosome core is essential for recruiting Rrp44 and Rrp6.
The central channel of the exosome core accommodates single-stranded RNA.
The core structure modulates the catalytic activities of Rrp44 and Rrp6.

Conclusions:

The RNA exosome core acts as a scaffold, essential for the recruitment and regulation of its catalytic subunits.
This coordination is vital for the exosome's comprehensive role in RNA metabolism within eukaryotic cells.