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Is oxidative stress related to childhood urolithiasis?
Nilufer Göknar1, Faruk Oktem, Engin Arı
1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
Insights
Oxidative stress is implicated in pediatric kidney stone formation. This study found higher oxidant and antioxidant levels in children with urolithiasis, suggesting a role in stone development.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Oxidative Stress Research
Background:
- Urolithiasis is prevalent in Turkish children.
- The role of oxidative stress in pediatric urolithiasis was previously unreported.
- This study investigated oxidative stress markers in childhood kidney stone disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between oxidative stress and kidney stone formation in pediatric patients.
- To evaluate metabolic risk factors contributing to pediatric urolithiasis.
Main Methods:
- Compared 74 children with urolithiasis to 72 healthy controls.
- Measured urinary total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS).
- Calculated oxidative stress index (OSI) and analyzed metabolic conditions like hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia.
Main Results:
- Stone formers showed significantly higher TAS and TOS compared to controls.
- Metabolic abnormalities included hypercalciuria (30%), hypocitraturia (45%), hyperoxaluria (6%), and hyperuricosuria (40%).
- Elevated urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a marker of renal tubular damage, correlated with higher TOS.
Conclusions:
- Oxidative stress appears to be a significant factor in the development of kidney stones in children.
- Findings suggest potential therapeutic targets related to oxidative stress in pediatric urolithiasis.
Background:
Urolithiasis is a common condition in pediatric populations in Turkey. The role of oxidative stress in renal stone formation in pediatric patients has not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to assess oxidative stress in childhood urolithiasis.
Methods:
Seventy-four children diagnosed with urolithiasis and 72 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Kidney stone formers were evaluated by analysis of metabolic conditions related to urolithiasis, such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and hyperuricosuria. Urine total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured, and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as an indicator of the degree of oxidative stress.
Results:
Among the stone formers, metabolic analyses revealed that 30 % had hypercalciuria, 45 % had hypocitraturia, 6 % had hyperoxaluria and 40 % had hyperuricosuria. Elevated levels of the renal tubular damage marker urinary N-acetyl- beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was elevated in 25 % of the patient group, but microalbuminuria was not detected. Total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were significantly higher in stone formers than in the controls (p = 0.023 and 0.004, respectively). In addition, urinary NAG was significantly correlated with TOS (r = 0.427, p = 0.019).
Conclusions:
The results of this study show that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pediatric stone formers.
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