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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

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A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Abdominal Aorta

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Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
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Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

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Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
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Heterotopic intra-abdominal ossification in a complex ventral hernia defect.

A Obeid1, Ka Sarhane2, T Berjaoui3

  • 1MD, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, US.

Journal of Wound Care
|February 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heterotopic ossification rarely affects abdominal wounds. This case details successful surgical repair of mesenteric ossification and complex abdominal wall reconstruction after penetrating trauma.

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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Gastrointestinal Surgery

Background:

  • Heterotopic ossification (HO) is common in joints but rare in abdominal wounds and mesentery.
  • Mesenteric ossification is typically linked to severe intra-abdominal injuries and complications.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with intra-abdominal HO and mesenteric involvement post-penetrating trauma.
  • The patient had undergone multiple laparotomies, resulting in a complex abdominal wall hernia with loss of domain and enterocutaneous fistulae.

Findings:

  • Surgical resection of bony deposits and fistula excision were performed.
  • Abdominal wall reconstruction utilized component separation technique and a biologic mesh graft.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare presentation of HO and its management challenges.
  • Successful reconstruction demonstrates a viable approach for complex abdominal wall defects with mesenteric ossification.