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Nutrigenetics: bridging two worlds to understand type 2 diabetes.
Janas M Harrington1, Catherine M Phillips
1Centre for Diet and Health Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
Current Diabetes Reports
|February 15, 2014
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk is influenced by both genetics and environment. This review explores gene-nutrient interactions, highlighting dietary patterns and genetic predispositions for T2DM prevention.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Nutritional Science
- Human Genetics
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health issue.
- Both genetic factors and environmental influences contribute significantly to T2DM risk.
- While genome-wide association studies have advanced understanding of T2DM genetics, they explain only a portion of individual susceptibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the roles of the dietary environment and genetic factors in T2DM risk.
- To bridge the disciplines of genetics and nutrition by examining gene-nutrient interactions.
- To inform public health strategies for T2DM prevention and management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genetic and dietary risk factors for T2DM.
- Analysis of evidence from genome-wide association studies.
- Exploration of nutrigenetics principles and gene-nutrient interactions.
Main Results:
- Genetics alone do not fully determine T2DM predisposition.
- Dietary patterns have evolved significantly and are crucial for public health strategies.
- Key gene-nutrient interactions relevant to T2DM have been identified.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the interplay between diet and genetics is essential for T2DM prevention.
- Nutrigenetics offers potential for personalized diet-related disease management.
- Further research into gene-nutrient interactions can optimize therapeutic and preventive strategies for T2DM.
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