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A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

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Calciphylaxis: a review.

Cynthia M Magro¹, Richard Simman², Sarah Jackson³

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

The Journal of the American College of Certified Wound Specialists

|February 15, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human calciphylaxis is a severe vascular disease causing tissue damage, often seen in kidney failure. Research is exploring its varied causes and new treatments like sodium thiosulfate.

Keywords:

Calciphylaxis Calcium deposition Microangiopathy Skin necrosis

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Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

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Area of Science:

Vascular Biology
Nephrology
Dermatology

Background:

Calciphylaxis is a severe microangiopathy causing tissue compromise.
It presents with vascular thrombotic occlusion and endoluminal calcification.
While common in renal failure, it occurs in multiple myeloma, POEMS syndrome, cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the pathophysiology of human calciphylaxis.
To describe the histomorphologic spectrum of the disease.
To identify factors influencing outcomes and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical and histopathological findings in calciphylaxis.
Analysis of contributing factors such as procoagulant states and ectopic calcification.
Evaluation of emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

Calciphylaxis involves occlusive microangiopathy with calcification, but can present with thrombosis alone or pseudoangiosarcomatous changes.
Pathophysiology involves procoagulant states and aberrant neo-osteogenesis (e.g., increased osteopontin, reduced fetuin).
Truncal/genital involvement and systemic forms are associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

Calciphylaxis is a complex microangiopathy with a diverse presentation.
Understanding its pathogenesis is key to developing effective treatments.
Emerging therapies targeting oxidative stress and inflammation show promise.