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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Nutrition, epigenetics, and diseases.

Hyeran Jang1, Carlo Serra1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Clinical Nutrition Research
|February 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal nutrition and environmental factors during early development influence lifelong disease risk, potentially across generations. Epigenetic modifications offer a mechanism linking early exposures to later disease phenotypes.

Keywords:
DevelopmentDiseaseEpigeneticNutritionReprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Public health

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies increasingly link maternal nutrition and early environmental exposures to adult disease susceptibility.
  • Disease outcomes may be transmitted across generations, suggesting non-genetic inheritance mechanisms.
  • Epigenetic modifications are proposed as a key mediator between early-life factors and long-term health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetic modifications in mediating the effects of early-life exposures on disease susceptibility.
  • To highlight the importance of critical developmental periods (periconceptional, gestation, early postnatal) in this process.
  • To underscore the potential of emerging genetic and epigenetic technologies for human disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological evidence linking maternal factors to offspring disease.
  • Analysis of experimental animal studies investigating epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Consideration of advancements in genetic and epigenetic technologies.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests maternal nutrition and environment impact later-life disease risk.
  • These effects appear transmissible to subsequent generations.
  • Epigenetic changes are implicated as a mechanism connecting early exposures to altered gene expression and disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are a crucial link between early development and disease susceptibility.
  • Further research using advanced technologies is needed to elucidate these epigenetic phenomena in human diseases.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can inform strategies for disease prevention.