Novel embalming solution for neurosurgical simulation in cadavers.

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Medical Simulation
• Anatomical Pathology

Background:

• Postmortem human heads are crucial for valid neurosurgical research and training.
• Standard preservation methods like cryopreservation and formaldehyde embalming have limitations regarding tissue properties and preservation time.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a customized embalming formula for neurosurgical simulations.
• To achieve optimal retraction, lifelike physical properties, and prevent decay in cadaveric specimens.

Main Methods:

• Eighteen specimens were prepared: 6 formaldehyde-embalmed, 6 cryopreserved, and 6 custom-embalmed using a specific formula (ethanol, glycerol, phenol, formaldehyde, water).
• Retraction profiles and brain stiffness were assessed post-craniotomy using an intracranial pressure transducer.
• Preservation time and tissue condition were monitored over 48 hours.

Main Results:

• The custom formula yielded significantly lower mean retraction pressures (36 ± 3 mm Hg) compared to formaldehyde (103 ± 14 mm Hg), similar to cryopreservation (24 ± 6 mm Hg).
• The custom solution allowed for unlimited preservation time, unlike cryopreservation (limited to 4 hours).
• The custom formula successfully prevented microorganism growth and brain decay.

Conclusions:

• The customized embalming solution is optimal for neurosurgical simulations, enabling effective retraction and maneuverability.
• This formula combines the advantages of cryopreservation (tissue properties) and formaldehyde embalming (preservation, decay prevention) while mitigating their respective drawbacks.
• The developed embalming formula represents a significant advancement for neurosurgical research and education.