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Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method
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Dodecahedral gold nanocrystals: the missing Platonic shape.

Wenxin Niu1, Weiqing Zhang, Shaik Firdoz

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized Platonic dodecahedral gold nanocrystals (Au NCs) using a novel seed-mediated approach. This breakthrough enables the creation of elusive dodecahedral shapes, expanding possibilities for nanomaterial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Platonic noble metal nanocrystals (NCs) are valued for symmetry and applications in catalysis, plasmonics, sensing, and spectroscopy.
  • Synthesis of tetrahedral, cubic, octahedral, and icosahedral NCs is established, but dodecahedral shapes remain challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a crystal structure for Platonic dodecahedral noble metal NCs.
  • To develop a synthetic method for producing dodecahedral gold (Au) NCs.
  • To explore shape control of Au NCs with icosahedral (Ih) symmetry.

Main Methods:

  • A tailored seed-mediated synthetic approach was employed.
  • Icosahedral multiply twinned Au seeds were used as a starting point.
  • Systematic tuning of the ratio between {111} and {110} facets was performed.

Main Results:

  • Platonic dodecahedral Au NCs were successfully grown from icosahedral Au seeds.
  • NCs with icosahedral, icosidodecahedral, and dodecahedral shapes were obtained.
  • A family of Au NCs exhibiting icosahedral (Ih) symmetry was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed crystal structure for dodecahedral NCs is validated by synthesis.
  • The seed-mediated approach offers control over NC shape and symmetry.
  • This work opens new avenues for designing noble metal NCs with specific Platonic geometries.