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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

86
A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

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Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice
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Published on: February 5, 2021

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Lisette Leeuwen1, Dominic A Fitzgerald

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Medical School, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|February 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex condition with serious consequences. Improved survival highlights the need to address long-term outcomes and quality of life for CDH patients.

Keywords:
congenital diaphragmatic hernialong-term outcomepathogenesissurvivaltreatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare diaphragm anomaly.
  • It leads to pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension.
  • CDH presents significant therapeutic challenges and treatment variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
  • To highlight challenges in clinical trials due to rarity.
  • To emphasize the growing importance of long-term prognosis and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic strategies and outcomes.
  • Discussion of long-term morbidities and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Survival rates for CDH patients have improved.
  • Long-term prognosis and quality of life are increasingly critical issues.
  • CDH survivors face significant risks for long-term morbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia remains a challenging condition despite advances.
  • Long-term follow-up is essential for managing survivors' health.
  • Further research is needed to optimize CDH management and improve patient outcomes.