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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury
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Posttraumatic epilepsy - disease or comorbidity?

Asla Pitkänen1, Samuli Kemppainen2, Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane3

  • 1Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|February 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes diverse long-term health issues, including epilepsy. Understanding TBI

Keywords:
BehaviorCognitive functionDepressionEpileptogenesisFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMemoryRecoveryTraumatic brain injury

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Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Trauma Research

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to a wide range of neurological and psychological sequelae.
  • These sequelae, including posttraumatic epilepsy, manifest over varying timeframes and present a significant clinical challenge.
  • Spontaneous recovery processes occur concurrently with the development of pathologies following TBI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverse endophenotypes resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • To elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the development of TBI-induced pathologies, such as posttraumatic epileptogenesis.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies that promote recovery without exacerbating TBI-related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TBI sequelae and their progression.
  • Analysis of experimental models and human studies of TBI.
  • Exploration of mechanisms driving specific endophenotypes like posttraumatic epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • TBI can result in a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including mood, anxiety, cognitive, and motor disorders.
  • The development of these post-TBI conditions is variable, with some progressing over months.
  • Distinct temporal windows exist for the emergence of different TBI-related phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Dissecting the specific mechanisms of TBI endophenotypes is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Developing targeted therapies for conditions like posttraumatic epilepsy is a key challenge.
  • Future research should focus on treatments that support natural recovery processes post-TBI.