Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026

Quantification of Cytosolic vs. Vacuolar Salmonella in Primary Macrophages by Differential Permeabilization
Published on: July 28, 2015
Cytoplasmic access by intracellular bacterial pathogens
Jennifer Fredlund1, Jost Enninga1
1Unité 'Dynamique des interactions hôte-pathogène', Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
Abstract:
Entry into host cells is a strategy widely used by bacterial pathogens, after which they either remain within membrane-bound compartments or rupture the endocytic vacuole to reach the cytoplasm. During recent years, cytoplasmic access has been documented for an increasing number of pathogens. Here we review how classical cytoplasmic bacterial pathogens rupture their endocytic vacuoles as well as the mechanisms used to accomplish this task by bacterial species for which host cytoplasmic localization has only recently been identified. We also discuss the consequences for pathogenesis resulting from this change in intracellular localization, with a particular focus on the role of the host. What emerges is that cytoplasmic access plays an important role in the pathophysiology of an increasing number of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Related Concept Videos
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria
Colonisation of Pathogens
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Prokaryotic Cells
Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize...
Prokaryotic Cells
Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins....

