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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Lone atrial fibrillation: does it exist?

D George Wyse1, Isabelle C Van Gelder2, Patrick T Ellinor3

  • 1Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|February 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The term "lone atrial fibrillation" (AF) is outdated and lacks a clear definition, leading to inconsistent research. Experts recommend abandoning this term for better clarity in diagnosing and treating AF.

Keywords:
idiopathic atrial fibrillationlone atrial fibrillationwhite paper

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • The term "lone atrial fibrillation" (AF) originated when understanding of AF pathophysiology and diagnostic capabilities were limited.
  • Historically, it described AF in patients without identifiable heart disease, but has become conflated with "idiopathic AF."

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the historical context, definition, and clinical utility of the term "lone AF."
  • To recommend a revised approach to AF classification and diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical literature and current guidelines regarding the definition and diagnosis of lone AF.
  • Analysis of the evolution of understanding AF pathophysiology and diagnostic technologies.

Main Results:

  • Definitions of lone AF are inconsistent across studies, hindering comparability.
  • The prevalence of lone AF has decreased with improved diagnostic techniques.
  • No unique pathophysiological mechanisms distinguish lone AF from other forms of AF.
  • The term "lone AF" offers limited utility in guiding treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • The term "lone AF" is outdated, inconsistently defined, and lacks clinical utility.
  • It is recommended to discontinue the use of the term "lone AF" to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies for atrial fibrillation.