Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026
Exploring Protein-Glycan Interactions: Advances in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Published on: August 26, 2025
Exploring binding properties of naringenin with bovine β-lactoglobulin: a fluorescence, molecular docking and
Samira Gholami1, Abdol-Khalegh Bordbar1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
Abstract:
In the present study, the binding properties of naringenin (NG) to β-lactoglobulin (BLG) were explored using spectrofluorimetric and molecular modeling techniques. Analysis of spectrofluorimetric titration data represented the formation of 1:1 complex, significant binding affinity, negative values of entropy and enthalpy changes and the essential role of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions in binding of NG to BLG. The value of determined Förster's distance represents the static mechanism for quenching of BLG by NG. The results of fluorescence competitive binding experiments characterize the location of NG binding site in the outer surface of BLG. Molecular docking study showed that NG binds in the outer surface site of BLG which is accompanied with three hydrogen bonds. The support of molecular docking results by biochemical fluorescence experiments confirms the validity of docking calculation. Analysis of molecular dynamics results indicated that NG can interact with BLG without affecting the secondary structure of protein.
Related Concept Videos
02:18The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength
02:40Ligand Binding Sites
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
02:21Globular and Fibrous Proteins
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
01:16Protein-Drug Binding: Mechanism and Kinetics
Various forces drive these interactions, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals forces. These bonds enable drugs to bind to specific sites on proteins,...