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Related Concept Videos

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
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Variations in kinematics and function following patellar stabilization including tibial tuberosity realignment.

John J Elias1, John A Carrino, Archana Saranathan

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA, john.elias@akrongeneral.org.

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
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Summary

Patellar stabilization surgery reduced patellar tilt and shift in knees. However, increased tibial external rotation after surgery may impact long-term knee function.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanics
  • Knee joint dynamics

Background:

  • Patellofemoral pain syndrome and instability often require surgical intervention.
  • Tibial tuberosity realignment and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction are common stabilization procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of patellar stabilization surgery on dynamic patellofemoral and tibiofemoral motion.
  • To quantify changes in patellar shift, tilt, and tibial rotation after surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic CT imaging of six knees pre- and post-operatively (≥1 year).
  • 3D bone models created to analyze patellar lateral shift, tilt, and tibial external rotation from 5° to 40° flexion.
  • Paired t-tests used for statistical comparison of pre- and post-operative data.

Main Results:

  • Patellar stabilization significantly reduced lateral shift and tilt at low flexion angles (5°-20°).
  • Average lateral shift decreased from 15.5mm to 8.5mm; lateral tilt decreased from 20.8° to 13.8° at 5° flexion.
  • Significant increase in tibial external rotation observed at 30° and 40° flexion post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Patellar stabilization with tuberosity realignment effectively reduces patellar maltracking at low flexion.
  • The long-term functional implications of increased tibial external rotation post-surgery remain undetermined.