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An update on hepatitis B, D, and E viruses

Jennifer Price1

  • 1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Topics in Antiviral Medicine
|February 18, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Non-HCV viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection, poses significant liver disease risks, particularly in HIV-infected individuals. Treatment options exist but require careful consideration for optimal patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Non-hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral hepatitis remains a significant cause of liver disease, especially in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of cirrhosis globally, with a substantial risk of decompensated liver disease.
  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection with HBV exacerbates liver disease severity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding and treatment approaches for non-HCV viral hepatitis, focusing on HBV, HDV, and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the context of HIV infection.
  • To highlight the clinical significance and management challenges of viral hepatitis in immunocompromised populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on HBV, HDV, and HEV management.
  • Summary of expert presentation on viral hepatitis in HIV-infected individuals.

Main Results:

  • Chronic HBV infection treatment involves peginterferon alfa, entecavir, or tenofovir.
  • HBV/HDV coinfection leads to more severe hepatitis and increased mortality compared to HBV monoinfection.
  • Peginterferon alfa is the primary treatment for HDV infection.
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic infection in immunosuppressed patients, rapidly leading to cirrhosis, with no established treatment guidelines for HIV-infected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Non-HCV viral hepatitis, particularly HBV/HDV coinfection and chronic HEV in HIV-infected persons, presents serious risks for liver disease progression.
  • Current treatment strategies for HBV and HDV are established, but management of HEV in this population requires further guideline development.

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