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Should the mechanical index be revised for ARFI imaging?

Charles C Church¹, Cecille Labuda¹, Kathryn Nightingale²

¹National Center for Physical Acoustics and Department of Physics, The University of Mississippi University, MS 38677.

IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium : [Proceedings]. IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium

|February 18, 2014

Summary

The mechanical index (MI) may underestimate ultrasound bioeffects in tissues. This study investigated how tissue properties and longer ultrasound pulses affect MI calculations, revealing potential inaccuracies in current safety assessments.

Keywords:

ARFI Acoustic Radiation Force Imaging MI bioeffects inertial cavitation mechanical index

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Area of Science:

Ultrasound physics
Bioacoustics
Medical imaging safety

Background:

The mechanical index (MI) assesses non-thermal ultrasound bioeffects.
Current MI calculations use liquid cavitation thresholds and short pulse assumptions.
Diagnostic ultrasound pulses can be much longer and interact with viscoelastic tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of tissue viscoelasticity and long ultrasound pulses on mechanical index calculations.
To determine if current MI formulations accurately predict bioeffects in various media.

Main Methods:

Investigated inertial cavitation thresholds in water, blood, and five representative tissues.
Utilized a formalism accounting for viscoelastic solids and long acoustic pulses.
Compared results with standard MI calculations based on liquid assumptions.

Main Results:

Tissue viscoelasticity and pulse duration significantly alter cavitation thresholds compared to liquids.
Standard MI calculations may not fully capture the bioeffect potential in tissues.
Differences were observed across tested liquids and tissues.

Conclusions:

Current mechanical index formulations may require adjustments for accurate ultrasound bioeffect prediction in tissues.
Further research is needed to refine MI for complex biological media and pulse characteristics.
Improved MI calculations are crucial for ensuring diagnostic ultrasound safety.