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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Medication use in pregnancy: a cross-sectional, multinational web-based study.

A Lupattelli1, O Spigset, M J Twigg

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

BMJ Open
|February 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most pregnant women use medication, with significant regional differences in types and reasons for use. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are common, and factors like age, education, and pregnancy planning influence chronic condition medication use.

Keywords:
Maternal medicine < OBSTETRICSPublic HealthTherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Reproductive Health
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Intercountry comparability of medication use in pregnancy studies is challenging due to methodological variations.
  • Understanding global patterns of medication use during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health.
  • This study addresses the need for a multinational perspective on drug utilization in pregnant populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine patterns and factors associated with medication use in pregnancy on a multinational scale.
  • To identify the types of medications utilized and the indications for their use.
  • To compare medication use across different global regions.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted from October 2011 to February 2012.
  • Anonymous online questionnaires collected drug utilization data from pregnant women and new mothers.
  • The study encompassed participants from Europe, North America, South America, and Australia.

Main Results:

  • 81.2% of 9459 women reported using at least one medication (prescribed or OTC) during pregnancy.
  • Over-the-counter (OTC) medication use was reported by 66.9%, while 68.4% used medications for acute illnesses and 17% for chronic conditions.
  • Significant regional variations were observed in medication types and indications, particularly for urinary tract infections and depression. Higher age, lower education, and unplanned pregnancies were linked to chronic medication use.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of women across Europe, North America, South America, and Australia use medications during pregnancy.
  • Substantial inter-regional variability exists in the types of medications used.
  • Factors such as region, immigrant status, age, education, and pregnancy planning influence medication use patterns.