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Streptomyces are revealed as widespread, non-obligate predators of microorganisms. This predatory behavior is linked to antibiotic production, strengthening the association between these ecological roles in Streptomyces.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Ecology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The ecological role of antibiotics produced by Streptomyces is poorly understood.
  • Prokaryotic predators often utilize antimicrobial secondary metabolites for predation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether Streptomyces, known antibiotic producers, also exhibit predatory behavior.
  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of predation in the Streptomyces genus.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel assay to test for predatory activity in Streptomyces strains.
  • Utilizing time-lapse photomicrography to observe interactions between Streptomyces and prey bacteria.
  • Gene expression analysis of secondary metabolite pathways during predatory versus saprophytic growth.

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion of Streptomyces isolates demonstrated predatory activity on various microorganisms.
  • Predatory behavior was observed to be linked to hyphal tip growth and bacterial lysis.
  • Gene expression related to secondary metabolite production was altered during predatory growth.

Conclusions:

  • Streptomyces are non-obligate epibiotic predators, with predatory abilities widespread in the genus.
  • Predation in Streptomyces is not strictly dependent on antibiotic production in standard cultures.
  • Findings support a strong ecological link between epibiotic predation and antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces.