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Pediatric nephrolithiasis and the link to bone metabolism
Andrew Lawrence Schwaderer1, Kirsten Kusumi, Rose Mary Ayoob
1aNationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology bThe Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine cPediatric Nephrology Fellowship, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio, USA.
Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|February 19, 2014
Summary
Pediatric nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is linked to low bone mineral density (BMD), increasing fracture and osteoporosis risk. Early identification and treatment with citrate or thiazides may improve bone health in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Bone Metabolism
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
Background:
- Pediatric nephrolithiasis incidence is rising.
- Nephrolithiasis is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in children.
- Children with kidney stones face increased risks for fractures and osteoporosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature on the connection between pediatric nephrolithiasis and bone metabolism.
- To highlight the growing concern of low BMD in pediatric kidney stone patients.
- To explore potential therapeutic strategies for improving bone health in this population.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent publications.
- Analysis of studies examining pediatric nephrolithiasis and bone density.
- Synthesis of findings on contributing factors and treatment outcomes.
Main Results:
- Increasing pediatric nephrolithiasis is linked to low BMD.
- Factors beyond calcium metabolism, including inflammation, genetics, and diet, play a role.
- Retrospective data suggest citrate or thiazide treatment may improve BMD in affected children.
Conclusions:
- A significant relationship exists between pediatric nephrolithiasis and low BMD.
- Early identification and intervention are crucial for mitigating long-term bone health consequences.
- Citrate or thiazide therapy shows promise for improving BMD in at-risk pediatric patients.
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