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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs in bovine adipogenesis: genomic context, expression and function.

Josue Moura Romao, Weiwu Jin, Maolong He

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate bovine fat. Their genomic context, organization, and conservation influence expression and function in adipose tissue, impacting beef quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of biological processes, including adipogenesis.
  • Understanding adipose tissue regulation is crucial for beef cattle, as fat impacts meat quality and nutritional value.
  • This study investigates the relationship between miRNA genomic characteristics and their expression/function in bovine adipose tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the association between genomic context characteristics of miRNAs and their expression and function in bovine adipose tissue.
  • To identify core miRNAs in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue.
  • To explore the role of specific miRNAs in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Collected subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from crossbred steers at three time points.
  • Extracted total RNA and profiled miRNAs using microarray analysis.
  • Validated miRNA expression using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q qRT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • Detected 224 miRNAs, with 155 identified as core miRNAs in bovine adipose tissue.
  • Core miRNAs varied in genomic location, organization, and conservation; clustered and highly conserved miRNAs showed higher expression and more predicted targets.
  • Identified coordinated expression networks, including intronic miRNAs (miR-33a, miR-1281) linked to lipid metabolism regulators (SREBF2, EP300).
  • Predicted 17 bovine-specific miRNAs involved in adipose tissue energy balance regulation.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA expression patterns and functions in bovine adipogenesis and fat metabolism are linked to their genomic location, organization, and conservation.
  • These findings enhance the understanding of miRNA regulatory roles in bovine lipid metabolism.
  • The study highlights the importance of genomic context in miRNA function within adipose tissue.