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Updated: May 2, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
Risk factors for miscarriage from a prevention perspective: a nationwide follow-up study.
S Feodor Nilsson1, P K Andersen, K Strandberg-Larsen
1Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Preventing miscarriage is possible by addressing modifiable risk factors like maternal age, weight, alcohol, and work habits. A significant portion of miscarriages could be avoided through lifestyle changes before and during pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Miscarriage affects a significant number of pregnancies.
- Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify modifiable risk factors for miscarriage.
- To estimate the proportion of miscarriages potentially preventable by modifying these factors.
Main Methods:
- Nationwide observational follow-up study in Denmark.
- Included 88,373 pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort.
- Utilized Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors and estimate population attributable fractions.
Main Results:
- Pre-pregnant risk factors: advanced maternal age (≥30 years), underweight, and obesity.
- Intra-pregnancy risk factors: alcohol consumption, heavy lifting (>20 kg daily), and night work.
- Estimated 25.2% of miscarriages could be prevented by reducing these risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Miscarriage risk is associated with multiple modifiable factors.
- A substantial proportion of miscarriages are preventable through targeted interventions.
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