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Related Concept Videos

Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

59.9K
The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Preparation of Macroporous Epitaxial Quartz Films on Silicon by Chemical Solution Deposition
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Preparation of Macroporous Epitaxial Quartz Films on Silicon by Chemical Solution Deposition

Published on: December 21, 2015

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Photosystem II based multilayers obtained by electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly on quartz substrates.

Andrea Ventrella1, Lucia Catucci, Tiziana Placido

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.

Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
|February 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinach Photosystem II (PSII) proteins were successfully immobilized using Layer-by-Layer assembly. This method preserves protein bioactivity for potential use in bioelectrochemical energy conversion and biosensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Photosystem II (PSII) is crucial for photosynthesis and bioenergy.
  • Immobilization techniques are needed to harness PSII's potential in devices.
  • Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly offers a mild approach for biomolecule immobilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To immobilize spinach PSII proteins onto quartz substrates using LbL.
  • To investigate factors affecting the quality and stability of PSII-modified substrates.
  • To assess the bioactivity and electron transfer efficiency of immobilized PSII.

Main Methods:

  • Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly utilizing electrostatic interactions between PSII proteins and polyethylenimine (PEI).
  • UV-vis Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for characterizing multilayers.
  • Hill Reaction assays to measure electron transfer efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Optimal immobilization achieved with 13 layers, yielding intense optical signals and homogeneous protein distribution.
  • PSII multilayers demonstrated stability when stored at 4 °C in air for 48 hours.
  • Using 5.6 × 10⁻⁷ M chlorophyll concentration resulted in ordered protein distribution and 85% electron transfer efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The electrostatic LbL technique enables successful immobilization of PSII proteins with minimal loss of bioactivity.
  • This method is promising for applications in bioelectrochemical energy conversion and biosensors.
  • Optimized LbL conditions enhance the stability and functional performance of immobilized PSII.