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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Physiology of Emotion01:20

Physiology of Emotion

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The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
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Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
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Development of brain mechanisms for processing affective touch.

Malin Björnsdotter1, Ilanit Gordon2, Kevin A Pelphrey2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|February 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain responses to touch are similar in children and adults, but sensitivity in certain areas like the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) increases with age, especially in females.

Keywords:
brainchildrendevelopmentfMRItouch

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Somatosensory System Research

Background:

  • Affective tactile stimulation is crucial for neural circuit maturation.
  • The developmental trajectory of touch-processing brain mechanisms remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in brain responses to tactile stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To compare tactile processing across children, adolescents, and adults.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI scans were conducted on healthy participants aged 5–35 years.
  • Brain responses to soft brush stroking of glabrous and hairy skin were analyzed.
  • Regions of interest included the somatosensory cortex (SI, SII), insular cortex, and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS).

Main Results:

  • SI, SII, insular cortex, and pSTS showed similar activation across all age groups.
  • Ipsilateral SII activation positively correlated with age in both genders.
  • Bilateral pSTS activation showed a significant age-related increase in females, but not males.

Conclusions:

  • Core brain mechanisms for sensory-discriminative and affective touch are established by childhood.
  • Ongoing maturation of SII and a female-specific increase in pSTS sensitivity occur with age.
  • Provides a foundation for studying tactile processing in developmental disorders like autism.