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Comparison of Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi A Occurrence in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Sudeepa Kumar M1, Vijaykumar G S2, Prakash R1
1Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College , Agalakote, Tumkur - 572107, Karnataka, India .
Insights
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A are increasing in India, particularly in young males during summer. This study highlights the need for targeted public health interventions for enteric fever.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Enteric fever poses a significant public health challenge in developing nations.
- Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is the primary cause of enteric fever in India, with a rising incidence of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A.
- The disease affects all age groups, with a higher prevalence during summer months, particularly in children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the isolation rates of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A.
- To analyze the variations in isolation rates based on age, sex, and season.
- To provide insights into the epidemiology of enteric fever in a tertiary care setting.
Main Methods:
- A 5-year descriptive study analyzed Salmonella species isolated from blood cultures.
- Data on patient age, sex, and month/year of isolation were collected.
- Statistical analysis was performed to identify trends and variations.
Main Results:
- A total of 292 Salmonella isolates were identified: 160 Salmonella Typhi and 132 Salmonella Paratyphi A.
- Both serotypes demonstrated a male predominance across all age groups.
- The highest incidence was observed in the 11-20 year age group, followed by the 21-30 year group.
- Peak isolation occurred during the July-September quarter (123 cases), followed by October-December (81 cases).
Conclusions:
- The increasing occurrence of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A may be linked to enhanced diagnostic capabilities or growing antimicrobial resistance.
- School-going children and adolescents represent a significant demographic affected by enteric fever, necessitating targeted health education.
- Further research into diagnostic improvements and drug resistance patterns is warranted.
Background:
Enteric fever is an important public health problem in many underdeveloped and developing countries. In India, though Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi remains the predominant Salmonella species causing enteric fever, isolation of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A is increasing. It occurs in all age groups and more common in summer season affecting mainly children.
Aims:
To find out the isolation rate of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A with reference to age, sex and seasonal variation attending a tertiary care hospital.
Material And Methods:
A descriptive study was done on the Salmonella species isolated from blood cultures for 5 years. Data was collected regarding basic information like age, sex, different months and years.
Results:
A total of 292 Salmonellae species were included in the study during the period of 5 years. Out of 292 isolates of Salmonellae, 160 were S. typhi and 132 were S. paratyphi A. Both Salmonella species showed male preponderance in all age groups. Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A were highest in the age group 11 - 20 years followed by 21 - 30 years. Highest number of cases were isolated from July - September (123 cases) followed by October - December (81 cases).
Conclusion:
Occurrence of S. typhi and paratyphi A are increasing which may be due to the improved diagnostics techniques or increased drug resistance. School going children and adolescents in our study were higher, requiring education classes.
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