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Quantification of changes in zero valent iron morphology using X-ray computed tomography.

Ping Luo1, Elizabeth H Bailey2, Sacha J Mooney2

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Laboratory studies quantified how groundwater chemistry affects zero valent iron (ZVI) permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). X-ray CT analysis revealed significant changes in pore structure, impacting barrier performance and lifespan.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Geochemistry
  • Material Science

Background:

  • Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) using zero valent iron (ZVI) are crucial for groundwater remediation.
  • Understanding the long-term performance of ZVI PRBs requires knowledge of changes in their porous architecture.
  • ZVI's reactivity and physical structure can be altered by various groundwater chemistries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally quantify morphological changes in laboratory-scale ZVI PRBs under different groundwater conditions.
  • To correlate these changes with ZVI/sand ratios and water chemistry.
  • To infer porosity variations and their impact on the lifespan of field-scale PRBs.

Main Methods:

  • Column studies simulating ZVI PRB interactions with synthetic groundwater, acidic drainage, and deionized (DI) water.
  • X-ray computed tomography (CT) for precise measurement of pore size distribution and morphological changes.
  • Analysis of ZVI/sand ratios (10%, 50%, 100% W/W) to assess their influence on porosity.

Main Results:

  • Significant morphological alterations were observed, varying with water chemistry and ZVI/sand ratio.
  • Acidic drainage led to higher porosity (44%) and larger average pore size (2.8 mm) in 100% ZVI columns.
  • Porosity ranged from 34% (100% ZVI) to 56% (10% ZVI), influenced by water chemistry and ZVI content.

Conclusions:

  • X-ray CT is a powerful tool for detailed analysis of pore structure within ZVI PRBs.
  • Geochemical and hydraulic environments significantly influence PRB porosity and, consequently, barrier lifespan.
  • Results align with field data, providing insights for optimizing the design and longevity of ZVI PRBs.