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Related Concept Videos

Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
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Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides
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Decoding breast milk oligosaccharides.

Thierry Hennet1, Adrienne Weiss, Lubor Borsig

  • 1Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, SWITZERLAND; thennet@access.uzh.ch.

Swiss Medical Weekly
|February 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Human milk oligosaccharides, like 3-sialyllactose, can increase inflammation by affecting gut bacteria and immune cells. Further research may reveal their role in human gut and metabolic disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Human milk oligosaccharides
  • Gut microbiota
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant in breast milk and possess prebiotic and immune-modulating properties.
  • HMOs act as decoys against pathogens and influence gut microbiota composition.
  • The diverse structures of HMOs make it challenging to assign specific functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of specific human milk oligosaccharides in the context of intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity.
  • To explore the impact of 3-sialyllactose on inflammatory responses in colitis models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models to study the effects of pure oligosaccharides.
  • Administered 3-sialyllactose and assessed inflammatory responses in colitis models.

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  • Analyzed changes in intestinal bacterial groups and immune cell activity (CD11c+ dendritic cells).

    • Main Results:

    • Uptake of 3-sialyllactose increased inflammatory responses in mouse colitis models.
    • Proinflammatory effects were linked to modulation of intestinal bacteria.
    • 3-sialyllactose directly stimulated CD11c+ dendritic cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific human milk oligosaccharides, such as 3-sialyllactose, can exert proinflammatory effects.
    • These effects are mediated through alterations in gut microbiota and direct immune cell stimulation.
    • Availability of pure HMOs will facilitate human studies on dysbiosis-related disorders.