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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

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Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis
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A brief grief over bowel relief.

Kamalpreet S Parmar1, Malvinder S Parmar2

  • 1University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

F1000Research
|February 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Oral sodium phosphate (OSP) solution, used for bowel prep, can cause acute kidney injury. This case highlights OSP dangers beyond colonoscopy, emphasizing cautious use and monitoring for all cathartic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Oral sodium phosphate (OSP) is a common bowel purgative.
  • Recent reports link OSP to acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease.
  • Most reported cases involve bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of acute renal failure following OSP use for constipation.
  • To highlight the potential renal risks of OSP beyond its standard use.
  • To emphasize the need for caution when prescribing OSP.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of existing literature on OSP-associated nephrotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • A patient developed acute renal failure after ingesting OSP for constipation.

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  • This case expands the known clinical scenarios for OSP-induced kidney injury.
  • OSP poses a risk of nephrotoxicity even when used for indications other than colonoscopy.

    • Conclusions:

    • OSP poses significant renal risks that warrant careful consideration.
    • Clinicians must exercise caution and monitor patients closely when prescribing OSP.
    • The use of OSP as a cathartic or for bowel preparation requires vigilant safety monitoring.