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Aging without depression: a cross-sectional study.

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    Loneliness is a significant risk factor for late-life depression in both men and women. Attachment style is a key factor for men, while social network size does not appear to be a risk factor.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Psychiatry
    • Social Science

    Background:

    • Late-life depression is a prevalent issue with significant health implications.
    • Understanding risk factors such as attachment style and loneliness is crucial for prevention and intervention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between secure attachment style, loneliness, and social network size as risk factors for late-life depression.
    • To examine sex-specific differences in these associations.

    Main Methods:

    • Cross-sectional study of 969 older adults from the KORA-Age study.
    • Utilized Relationship-Specific Attachment Scales for Adults (BBE), UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Social Network Index (SNI).
    • Depression assessed using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and/or antidepressant use; logistic regression models were sex-stratified and controlled for covariates.

    Main Results:

    • For men, higher attachment security (OR=0.26) and absence of loneliness (OR=0.27) were associated with lower depression scores.
    • For women, absence of loneliness (OR=0.22) was an independent determinant of not having late-life depression.
    • Social network size was not found to be a significant risk factor for depression in either sex.

    Conclusions:

    • Loneliness emerges as a significant risk factor for late-life depression in both men and women.
    • Attachment style is a notable risk factor, particularly for men.
    • Social network size does not appear to be a significant risk factor for late-life depression.