Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.5K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.5K
Field Procedure for Staking Out Curves01:26

Field Procedure for Staking Out Curves

617
Staking out curves is an essential process in construction to ensure the accurate alignment of structures along a curved path. This task involves positioning stakes at calculated locations corresponding to the curve's design, effectively translating plans into physical markers in the field. The process begins by determining the geometric parameters of the curve, including the radius, central angle, and tangent distances. These parameters are critical for identifying key points such as the...
617
Midpoint Rule01:20

Midpoint Rule

251
Approximating areas under curved boundaries is a common problem in applied mathematics, particularly when an exact calculation is difficult or impractical. One effective numerical method for this purpose is the Midpoint Rule, which provides an estimate of the area under a curve by using rectangular approximations over a specified interval.Description of the Midpoint RuleThe Midpoint Rule begins by dividing the given interval into a number of equal subintervals. For each subinterval, the...
251
Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment01:19

Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment

548
Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
548
Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

535
Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
535
Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

581
When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
581

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The function of citrate in bone: platelet adhesion and mineral nucleation.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2025
Same author

In situ Fe-doped thin carbon wires via AC high voltage arc discharge.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Viscoelastic properties of the equine hoof wall.

Acta biomaterialia·2024
Same author

Exploring the Effect of Specimen Size on Elastic Properties of Fused-Filament-Fabrication-Printed Polycarbonate and Thermoplastic Polyurethane.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Correlation between reference point indentation and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polymers.

The Review of scientific instruments·2023
Same author

Hierarchical modeling of elastic moduli of equine hoof wall.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid
08:58

Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid

Published on: December 2, 2022

3.5K

Towards a standardized reference point indentation testing procedure.

Alexander Setters1, Iwona Jasiuk1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801-2906, USA.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|February 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Reference point indentation (RPI) directly measures bone mechanical properties. Optimal RPI testing involves 6N force, 20 cycles, and preconditioning on unpolished bone surfaces for reliable patient measurements.

Keywords:
Bone radiationBone strengthCortical boneForce magnitudeMicroindentationNumber of cyclesPreconditioningReference point indentation

More Related Videos

Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing
07:07

Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing

Published on: December 13, 2016

33.9K
Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation
08:21

Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation

Published on: November 22, 2016

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid
08:58

Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid

Published on: December 2, 2022

3.5K
Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing
07:07

Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing

Published on: December 13, 2016

33.9K
Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation
08:21

Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation

Published on: November 22, 2016

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Biomechanics
  • Materials Testing

Background:

  • Direct measurement of bone mechanical properties is crucial for diagnosing and managing bone diseases.
  • Reference Point Indentation (RPI) is a promising technique for in-situ bone property assessment.
  • Standardization of RPI testing parameters is needed for reliable clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of key testing variables on Reference Point Indentation (RPI) outputs.
  • To determine optimal testing parameters for RPI measurements on swine femoral cortical bone.
  • To provide guidance for establishing a standardized RPI testing procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Testing of 6-month-old swine femoral cortical bone using Reference Point Indentation (RPI).
  • Systematic variation of testing parameters including force magnitude, preconditioning, number of cycles, and indentation surface.
  • Assessment of RPI outputs under different micro-computed tomography radiation exposure levels.

Main Results:

  • RPI parameters generally increased linearly with force magnitude, with indentation depth showing a cubic trend.
  • Most RPI parameters stabilized between 15-20 cycles.
  • Transverse surface measurements were more consistent than longitudinal, potentially due to surface roughness and periosteum.
  • Micro-computed tomography radiation did not significantly affect RPI measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal RPI testing for 6-month swine femoral cortical bone involves 6N force, 20 cycles, preconditioning, and an unpolished longitudinal surface.
  • Understanding RPI variable effects enhances measurement accuracy and reliability.
  • This study provides a framework for standardizing RPI procedures in bone biomechanics research and clinical settings.