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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

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The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
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Membrane Domains01:18

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
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Lipids function as structural components of cellular membranes, in addition to acting as energy reservoirs and signaling molecules. They are thus crucial to all living organisms.  The three biologically important classes of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

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Cholesterol stabilizes fluid phosphoinositide domains.

Zhiping Jiang1, Roberta E Redfern2, Yasmin Isler3

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
|February 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cholesterol stabilizes fluid phosphoinositide-enriched phases by forming hydrogen bonds, enhancing cell signaling and membrane trafficking. This interaction is crucial for regulating cellular events and protein binding.

Keywords:
CholesterolDomain formationLipid phase behaviorPTENPhosphatidylinositolPhosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphatePhosphoinositide

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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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Area of Science:

  • * Cell Biology
  • * Biochemistry
  • * Membrane Biophysics

Background:

  • * Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are key regulators of cellular processes like membrane trafficking and signaling.
  • * Electrostatic interactions were previously considered the primary mechanism for PIP clustering.
  • * Emerging evidence suggests cholesterol's involvement in PIP-mediated signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the role of cholesterol in phosphoinositide phase segregation.
  • * To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying cholesterol-phosphoinositide interactions.
  • * To assess the impact of cholesterol on protein binding to phosphoinositides.

Main Methods:

  • * Fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar vesicles and monolayers.
  • * Utilized various phosphoinositides and cholesterol derivatives.
  • * Studied the binding of PTEN protein to phosphoinositides.

Main Results:

  • * Cholesterol stabilizes fluid phosphoinositide-enriched phases for all tested PIPs.
  • * Cholesterol's hydroxyl group is essential for this interaction, suggesting a role in hydrogen bonding.
  • * Cholesterol enhances the binding of PTEN to specific phosphoinositides (PI(5)P and PI(4,5)P2).

Conclusions:

  • * Cholesterol acts as a spacer and hydrogen bond participant, stabilizing PIP domains.
  • * This mechanism contributes to the regulation of cellular events mediated by phosphoinositides.
  • * Cholesterol-dependent PIP segregation influences protein-lipid interactions, impacting cellular signaling pathways.