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Updated: May 2, 2026

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
Published on: June 25, 2010
MAITs, MR1 and vitamin B metabolites
Richard W Birkinshaw1, Lars Kjer-Nielsen2, Sidonia B G Eckle2
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Abstract:
αβT-cell mediated immunity is traditionally characterised by recognition of peptides or lipids presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or the CD1 family respectively. Recently the antigenic repertoire of αβT-cells has been expanded with the observation that mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT cells), an abundant population of innate-like T-cells, can recognise metabolites of vitamin B, when presented by the MHC-related protein, MR1. The semi-invariant MAIT T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) recognises riboflavin and folic acid metabolites bound by MR1 in a conserved docking mode, and thus acts like a pattern recognition receptor. Here we review and discuss the recent observations concerning antigen presentation by MR1, the advent of MR1-Ag tetramers that specifically stain MAIT cells, recognition by the MAIT TCR, and our emerging understanding of MAIT cells in disease.
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