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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

25
DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
25
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

20
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:33

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

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Decrease in pituitary apparent diffusion coefficient in normal appearing brain correlates with hypopituitarism

P Zheng, B He, W S Tong

    Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
    |February 22, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause pituitary damage, even with normal MRI scans. Measuring pituitary apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) detects microstructural changes and predicts pituitary dysfunction after TBI.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Endocrinology
    • Trauma Research

    Background:

    • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to persistent pituitary deficits.
    • Pituitary dysfunction post-TBI often occurs despite normal conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
    • Microstructural pituitary changes in TBI patients with normal MR imaging are not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in the pituitary of TBI patients with normal-appearing brains on conventional MR imaging.
    • To investigate the association between pituitary ADC values and pituitary function in TBI patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Forty-two mild head injury patients with normal brain imaging were scanned 7 days post-injury.
    • Quantitative echo planar imaging was used to obtain pituitary apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parametric maps.
    • Pituitary ADC values were compared between TBI patients and a control group (n=30).

    Main Results:

    • TBI patients exhibited a significant decrease in pituitary ADC compared to controls.
    • Pituitary ADC was substantially lower in TBI patients with pituitary dysfunction versus those with normal function.
    • A strong correlation (r=0.82, P<0.01) was found between decreasing pituitary ADC and the development of pituitary dysfunction.

    Conclusions:

    • Pituitary ADC serves as a sensitive and independent marker for pituitary damage following traumatic insults.
    • ADC measurements can detect microstructural pituitary damage in TBI patients even with normal-appearing brains on conventional imaging.
    • This quantitative imaging approach aids in identifying subtle pituitary injury post-TBI.