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Internalizing and externalizing behavior in adult ADHD.

Christian Jacob1, Silke Gross-Lesch, Thomas Jans

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Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
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This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit significant internalizing and externalizing behaviors, often linked to personality traits and comorbid disorders, impacting psychosocial functioning.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Limited research exists on internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adults with persistent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Childhood and adolescent ADHD manifestations are well-studied, but adult persistence requires further investigation into behavioral correlates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and correlates of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in a large sample of adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • To compare these behaviors and associated personality traits and comorbidities with general population reference values.

Main Methods:

  • A large sample of 910 adults diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was assessed.
  • Evaluations included measures of internalizing and externalizing behaviors, personality traits (e.g., Neuroticism, Harm Avoidance, Conscientiousness, Novelty Seeking), and lifetime psychiatric comorbidities.
  • Data were compared against established German reference values and general population statistics.

Main Results:

  • Adult ADHD (AADHD) patients showed higher scores in Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance, correlating with internalizing behaviors.
  • Lifetime comorbidity of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and Cluster C personality disorders was elevated in AADHD patients.
  • AADHD patients exhibited lower Conscientiousness and higher Novelty Seeking, linked to externalizing behaviors, with Cluster B personality disorders being most frequent.
  • Both internalizing and externalizing behaviors significantly impacted psychosocial status in AADHD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Internalizing and externalizing behaviors are prevalent in adults with persistent ADHD and are associated with specific personality traits and comorbid disorders.
  • These behavioral patterns significantly impair psychosocial functioning in adult ADHD.
  • The high frequency of both behavior types suggests a potential underlying emotional regulation disorder in adult ADHD.