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Insertion sequence distribution bias in Archaea.

Morgan C Florek1, Daniel P Gilbert1, Gordon R Plague1

  • 1Department of Biology; State University of New York at Potsdam; Potsdam, NY USA.

Mobile Genetic Elements
|February 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insertion sequences (IS) are transposable elements in Archaea. Their distribution suggests natural selection favors insertion sites that avoid disrupting gene regulation, impacting prokaryotic evolution.

Keywords:
DNA transposonIS elementnatural selectiontransposable element

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Insertion sequences (IS) are mobile genetic elements prevalent in archaeal genomes.
  • Intergenic IS elements are generally considered less disruptive to host genes than intragenic IS elements.
  • Regulatory sequences are located in intergenic regions, upstream of genes, suggesting potential for functional impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether intergenic regions are selectively equivalent for IS insertion in Archaea.
  • To analyze the distribution patterns of intergenic IS elements across archaeal genomes.
  • To determine if non-random IS distributions are shaped by natural selection acting on gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intergenic IS element distributions in 155 archaeal genomes.
  • Statistical assessment of IS element counts in relation to neighboring gene orientations (divergent, convergent, tandem).
  • Comparison of observed IS distributions against expected random distributions using binomial probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Significant deviations from random IS distribution were observed in multiple archaeal genomes.
  • Five genomes showed significantly fewer IS elements between divergently oriented genes than expected.
  • Seven genomes exhibited significantly more IS elements between convergently oriented genes than expected.
  • A majority of analyzed genomes displayed fewer ISs between divergent genes and more between convergent genes than random distribution predicts.

Conclusions:

  • Non-random distribution of intergenic IS elements suggests selective pressure against insertion sites that disrupt gene regulation.
  • Natural selection likely plays a significant role in shaping transposable element distribution in prokaryotes.
  • These findings have implications for understanding the long-term evolutionary impact of transposable elements on prokaryotic genomes.