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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Cognitive interventions for older adults: does approach matter?

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Cognitive training for seniors in assisted living showed improvements in problem-solving and daily function. Group training was significantly more cost-effective than one-to-one sessions.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Cognitive decline is a significant concern for older adults in assisted living facilities.
  • Effective interventions are needed to maintain problem-solving skills and functional independence.
  • The Reasoning Exercises in Assisted Living (REAL) program targets these cognitive and functional outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of group versus one-to-one training formats for the REAL cognitive intervention.
  • To evaluate changes in problem-solving and functional status among elderly residents in assisted living.

Main Methods:

  • A cognitive intervention, Reasoning Exercises in Assisted Living (REAL), was delivered in two formats: group and one-to-one.
  • Participants' scores on the Every Day Problems Test for Cognitively Challenged Elders (EPCCE) and the Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS) were measured pre- and post-intervention.
  • Cost per person for each training format was calculated.

Main Results:

  • Individual training (n=29) resulted in significant improvements on the EPCCE (d=3.10) and DAFS (d=3.52), costing $132 per person.
  • Group training (N=4) also showed improvements on the EPCCE (2.75 points) and DAFS (3.5 points), at a substantially lower cost of $25.60 per person.
  • Further research is needed to confirm group training effects due to the small sample size.

Conclusions:

  • Both one-to-one and group formats of the REAL intervention improved cognitive and functional outcomes in assisted living residents.
  • Group training demonstrated superior cost-effectiveness compared to individual training.
  • Consideration of training format costs and effects is crucial for intervention development and dissemination in older adult populations.