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Virus enhances histamine release from human basophils.

P Clementsen¹, C B Jensen, J O Jarløv

¹Department of Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Agents and Actions

|April 1, 1988

Summary

Influenza A virus enhances histamine release from human basophils. This effect is mediated by viral neuraminidase, which potentiates responses to bacterial stimuli and is inhibited by specific drugs.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Microbiology

Background:

Histamine release from human basophil leukocytes is a key immune response.
Bacterial components like Staphylococcus aureus and endotoxins from E. coli/Salmonella can trigger histamine release via complement activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of Influenza A virus on histamine release from human basophils.
To elucidate the mechanism behind the virus's influence on mediator release.

Main Methods:

Stimulation of human basophils with Staph. aureus or bacterial endotoxins.
Incubation with Influenza A virus and subsequent measurement of histamine release.
Assessment of the effect of neuraminidase inhibitors and purified neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae.

Main Results:

Influenza A virus synergistically enhanced histamine release triggered by bacterial stimuli.
The virus did not induce histamine release on its own.
A neuraminidase inhibitor abolished the virus's potentiating effect.
Purified Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase mimicked the virus's effect, which was also inhibited.

Conclusions:

Viral neuraminidase is responsible for the potentiating effect of Influenza A virus on basophil histamine release.
This finding highlights a novel interaction between influenza viruses and innate immune cells, mediated by viral enzymes.

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