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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets
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Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

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The calcium-sensing receptor and β-cell function.

Paul E Squires1, Peter M Jones2, Mustafa Y G Younis1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.

Vitamins and Hormones
|February 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates pancreatic beta-cell function by enhancing cell adhesion and communication. CaSR activation improves glucose responsiveness through its effects on beta-cells.

Keywords:
Calcium-sensing receptorCell–cell contactDiabetesInsulin secretionPancreatic isletsProliferationβ-Cell

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is crucial for systemic calcium homeostasis.
  • CaSR is also expressed in non-traditional tissues, including the endocrine pancreas.
  • Its role in regulating beta-cell function is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CaSR in pancreatic beta-cell function.
  • To understand how CaSR activation influences beta-cell adhesion, ion channel activity, and glucose responsiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated CaSR expression and function in pancreatic beta-cells.
  • Examined the effects of CaSR activation on cell adhesion and cell coupling.
  • Analyzed changes in potassium and voltage-dependent calcium channels upon CaSR activation.

Main Results:

  • CaSR activation increases cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion in beta-cells.
  • CaSR influences the expression and function of various ion channels.
  • Promiscuous activation of CaSR binding partners enhances islet cell communication.

Conclusions:

  • CaSR plays a significant role in regulating pancreatic beta-cell function.
  • CaSR activation improves beta-cell adhesion, coupling, and communication.
  • These effects contribute to enhanced glucose responsiveness of beta-cells.