Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

5.3K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
5.3K
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

1.9K
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
1.9K
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

50.3K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
50.3K
Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

3.8K
β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors...
3.8K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

2.5K
Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
2.5K
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

5.6K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Small molecule screening identifies cytotoxic endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation inhibitors in multiple myeloma.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

JAAD CME Part 1: Mechanism of Action of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Potential Pathways in Skin Health.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2026
Same author

Lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine signaling activates a temporal innate defense program and represses pancreatic β-cell identity.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

Nitric oxide attenuates PI4P accumulation at the ER membrane to inhibit encephalomyocarditis virus replication selectively in β-cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

BET bromodomain inhibitors attenuate transcription of a subset of IL-1-induced NF-κB targets that promote inflammation in β-cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

Identification of Omaveloxolone as An Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation Inhibitor That Induces Early Apoptotic Signaling in Multiple Myeloma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Bilateral macronodular and micronodular hyperplasia: Biochemical, radiological and genetic diagnosis.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

ACTH independent Cushing's syndrome: Diagnosis and etiology.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Biochemical diagnosis of hypercortisolism: When and how?

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

New tools for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Cardiometabolic comorbidities in overt Cushing's syndrome.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Molecular profile of Cushing's syndrome.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

9.2K

β-Cell responses to nitric oxide.

Katarzyna A Broniowska1, Bryndon J Oleson1, John A Corbett1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Vitamins and Hormones
|February 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitric oxide plays a dual role in autoimmune diabetes, mediating cytokine-induced pancreatic beta-cell damage while also activating protective repair pathways. This highlights its complex involvement in the disease.

Keywords:
CytokinesInducible nitric oxide synthaseNitric oxideType-1 diabetes

More Related Videos

Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins
10:07

Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K
Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

9.2K
Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins
10:07

Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K
Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diabetes involves the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells during inflammation.
  • Cytokines like interleukin-1 inhibit insulin secretion and damage islets.
  • Beta-cells produce nitric oxide (NO) in response to cytokines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual role of nitric oxide in autoimmune diabetes.
  • To explore NO's mediation of cytokine-induced beta-cell damage.
  • To examine NO's role in activating beta-cell repair mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on nitric oxide in autoimmune diabetes.
  • Analysis of cytokine-mediated effects on pancreatic beta-cells.
  • Investigation of NO synthase expression and NO production in islets.

Main Results:

  • Nitric oxide inhibits glucose oxidation and insulin secretion.
  • Nitric oxide mediates cytokine-induced DNA damage in beta-cells.
  • Nitric oxide activates protective pathways for beta-cell recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide has a complex, dual role in autoimmune diabetes.
  • NO contributes to beta-cell injury but also promotes survival.
  • Understanding NO's function is crucial for therapeutic strategies.