Histamine release in acute coronary occlusion-reperfusion in isolated guinea-pig heart

It has been shown that plasma histamine significantly increases during myocardial infarction in the dog. Histamine is also released when the isolated guinea-pig heart is reperfused after 30 minutes of low flow perfusion. The release of histamine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and release were investigated in the present study and related to the changes in electrocardiographic parameters and to a computer-aided analysis of left ventricular mast cell metachromasia. Spontaneous release of histamine was unchanged during ischemia and increased after the release of the ligature, while we observed a steady increase of LDH overflow. In parallel, a significant diminution of mast cell granule metachromasia was observed in left ventricular samples. The perfusion of the heart with FeCl3/ADP (10 microM/100 microM), a free radical-generating system, significantly enhanced both the basal and ischemic-reperfusion release of histamine, while perfusion with N-t-butyl-phenyl-nitrone (BPN/100 microM) a "spin-trapper" molecule, significantly decreased histamine and LDH release and the loss in metachromasia of left ventricular mast cells induced by reperfusion. Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (allopurinol, 10 microM) and of calcium-activated proteases (leupeptin, 10 microM) modified the kinetics of histamine and LDH release.